We won't stop until we get to the top!

This week in class we delved into propaganda and point of view in analyzing the different perspectives on the American Revolution. We read accounts of the Boston Massacre and analyzed the famous image by Paul Revere to talk about the social, political, and economic implications of the conflict.

We also started looking at the Articels of Confederation and how that led to the Constituional Convention. We don't have a separate required Government course in my school, so to address those Standards we deal with them in US History. The people at The Leonore Annenberg Institute for Civics provided me with 3 DVDs and a set of 4 Books for free about 6 years ago. Most recently, I discovered that all of these resources are now available for free online! The videos are well done and designed to be engaging for students. I also use parts of the We The People textbook, which I received a classroom set for free after attending a workshop on the Center for Civic Education. What I like about this text is that is has critical thinking scenarios that helps students apply what they learn to their own lives. To help with this area of study we also have a guest speaker coming to our school in about a week. This man is an attorney who has worked in the South and the West around Constitutional Law. I am also using a resource that former Justice Sandra Day O'Connor helped to create called iCivics. This great resource has online games for students to play that they actually like!

O'Connor delivered a keynote address at last year's Maine Council for the Social Studies Conference. I am on the board for this group and truly enjoy this work. Much of our time is devoted to planning the annual Conference. Last year the Conference was fantastic and we had an awesome turnout. This year the Conference is shaping up to be even better! It is held on Friday November 8 at the Augusta Civic Center. The Keynote address this year deals with the Gettysburg Address (150th anniversary this November) and I am looking forward to it!

The highlight of my week, however, was our Advisee Day Out! Every year at the end of September we have an Advisee Day Out. Each grade level does something pertaining to the grade level goals and by Advisee group. Every student is a member of a group of about 9-11 or so students assigned to one Advisor for all 4 years. Seniors use this day to plan Project Graduation and Graduation related activities. Juniors are out in the Community performing Community Service through Advisee groups. The Sophomores make use of a MELMAC grant to tour 3 different Universities in the State. I am a Freshmen Advisor and our goal is group building so we decided to hike up Mt. Battie in Camden, Maine.

(The stone tower located on top of Mount Battie)

(The view from the top of Mount Battie- stolen from fellow Advisor Paula Weisberger)

The whole Freshmen class traveled to 2 different trails of varying degrees of difficulty in an attempt to support the whole group hiking to the top. Each group made a flag for the hike. One of my advisees put on our group flag "We won't stop until we get to the top!" and that was more or less true! The hike took a bout an hour and my group was on the challenging trail so it was definitely a workout, but one that was well worth it. I think I have one advisee who will forever be looking for Bigfoot while walking in the woods, but that's ok because I also am forever looking for Bigfoot! The weather was amazing on this day! It was in the 60''s and mostly sunny. The Freshmen class is just a nice group of kids in general and that helps a lot. I also have a great group of fellow Advisors. We have been together as Advisors, most of us for 3 full cycles (a cycle is 9-12th grade) and all of us have been together for one full cycle. I really enjoy the group because they are clearly committed to making days like this work, they know how to have fun and enjoy humor, and they are dependable and reliable. There have been times when an Advisor has been ill, had a family emergency, or something else and the others have stepped up to help out. It truly does feel like a family and I think that carries over to the students and plays a role in forming those bonds!

(Myself and 2 fellow Advisors in the bus on the way to Mount Battie)

I ended my week at a training for developing Webinars to discuss Literacy strategies across content areas. The Maine Department of Education has a grant to support this work and is paying a bunch of us to develop Webinars to showcase the Literacy strategies we are using in our classrooms. These Webinars will be part of a Professional Development opportunity for teachers. This is known as the Cross Discipline Literacy Network. Many of the resources will be made available to anyone for free, but the program has other components to it and there is a small fee to access the entire program which is designed for Maine teachers. I am working on strategies I have developed from a book called The Core Six and specifically using close reading to support Compare and Contrast strategies.

More Government and the film Lincoln next week!

The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

Just finished the longest week of the year! What makes it so long is our annual Open House, or Mini-schedule night. On Tuesday night (why a Tuesday? Who knows!) we had an event for parents from 6-8 pm. On this evening parents can follow their child's schedule and have a few minutes in each class to meet the teacher and get to know something about the class. We have been doing this ever since I have been at this school and attendance has never been great. However, it is definitely less than it used to be. Less than a quarter of the students in the school had parents come to the Open House. There were 2 soccer games and a Field Hockey game that night and I know this had an impact. Still, it seems like a difficult time of year for people to find the time to come in. I also wonder if many of them see a need since by week 3 the students know their classes very well. I have long since wondered if we did it the night before the first day, if we would have a better turnout? Parents could sign all that paperwork there and even take home the iPad! Perhaps parents and students would both attend looking ot meet their teachers before the first day? Also, there are no papers to grade, no homework, and no games at that time of year. In the past when I have suggested this, it has fallen on deaf ears. We will see if this trend continues. Perhaps it won't increase attendance, but I know doing nothing won't increase attendance either. I hope the parents who did come found it worthwhile and I enjoyed talking to them.

One of the things we are working on this year is to improve communication with parents. I personally have been working on this for three years. I came up with an idea for my advisee group where 2 times a month I would email the parents in my group with a newsletter of sorts about things going on at school that impact their children. This has been met with praise and I have continued it this year with my new group and it seems to be going well. We have also discussed communicating with parents in our classes about what is going on in class. The program we use for School Information, PowerSchool, has a feature whereby you can type up an email explaining what is going on in class and in one click it will send it to the parents of all students registered in the class. Our goal is to try and make a communication like this once a month. I decided that on the heels of the Open House would be a good time to try it. So I sent my first email for each class on Friday. My email included generic information about what we are studying in the class and some due dates for upcoming assignments. I received a few responses from parents thanking me for the information. What was disheartening, however, was a couple of responses I received that were not only rude in the content but also explicitly said in no uncertain terms don't send me another email like this. This was distressing to me. I am shocked that anyone would not want some general information from time to time about what their child is doing in school. But that's just me and I guess there are plenty of others who disagree. I have to admit that it hurt my feelings to see such a vitriolic response to something that was meant to be helpful and supportive. I made a note to remove those folks from future emails, that's not a problem. But my personality is such that for a few days those rude words will continue to bother me. Just a little insight into what it is like to be a teacher sometimes!

Now for better stuff! We also had our first PLC this week! Professional Learning Communities (sometime called CFGs or Critical Friends Groups) meet during Late Starts once a month. During this time we meet in a small group of diverse High School teachers to share ideas about teaching, current research on teaching, share student work, and more all in an effort to improve learning for our students. I have improved things in my practice a great deal over the years from this work, and I now this has improved student learning as a result. Part of what makes a PLC work is the bond of trust in the group. I really enjoy working with the folks in my group and even when we add new people, it feels like we work very hard to support each other. I have taken a class on the PLC concept and am a big supporter of the philosophy. I have heard form those who are not as enthusiastic and I understand it is difficult and can even be intimidating to make our practice transparent, but I believe it is very important and this is why the group bond is so crucial.

We have been studying the events leading to the Revolution in my US History classes. There are a few resources I have used to help with this. To help with analyzing and understanding historical documents we used a book on Document Based Questions. Although the DBQ is thought of as an AP exam skill, there are now lots of resources applying the concept to other levels of students. This resource book does a great job with this and includes a variety of DBQ's on different time periods. We used the one on the Revolution for practice in groups. Students will then write an essay using the documents and their analysis of them. We also watched a couple of cool videos. the folks at Soomo Publishing have created wonderful music video about the Revolution. They also have a variety of videos from different eras in history and are working on more. We also watched the old Schoolhouse Rock Video about the Shot Heard Around the World. This is a great video for discussing the myths surrounding the Revolution and how they contribute to American pride and Nationalism. For the students who like the military aspect of the Revolution, History Animated has an interactive web page that shows what happened in each battle using maps and sound effects.

In History vs. Hollywood we finished watching the film Glory this week. Students are now working on Film Reviews. A great source for this is the Internet Movie Database. In Ethics we are moving our discussion of Ethics into the area of analyzing Ethical Dilemmas and the different philosophical approaches. Michael Sandel, a Professor at Harvard, has a great online lecture series we use to introduce these ideas. It is surprisingly accessible for most students and engaging. I can see why he is so popular as are his books. I have to thank one of my mentors who was invaluable to me when I first started teaching and still helps me from afar, Gib Brown, for introducing me to Michael Sandel. Much of Gib's influence remains in my classes, even though he is no longer teaching in a classroom but instead he and his wife are off improving the world by working for the U.S. government in Burkina Faso.

A Long Week

Ahhhhh... technology. It giveth and it taketh... at will it seems. Last Friday we deployed iPads to our students and by Monday afternoon it was clear that something was amiss with the internet and the overall network in our school. What exactly was the problem, I am not sure. But it seems these iPads were too much of a drain on our somewhat antiquated network so that lessons dependent on the internet or being projected by LCD (because Apple TV uses the network) were not working correctly. Tuesday morning we received an announcement... the network would be down for the rest of the day as some technicians had arrived at our school to work on it. If you do not know, the network being down is a big deal. Our schools have embraced technology and much of the operations of the school are connected to the network. Our phone system, attendance, and much of our lessons are all dependent on a functioning network. Its not quite the same as losing power, but its pretty close. I heard another teacher say, "This is when we get to show our creative side and really earn our money!". I'm not sure I totally agree with that assessment, but we definitely had to get creative for the rest of the day Tuesday which ended with a headache for me. In the end it worked out fine, but its just frustrating how much time and energy we put into using technology and more often than not something about it fails just when you don't want it to.

The schedule. For every High School it seems like there is a different schedule. Our schedule is unqieu to our school. We have 8 periods over 2 days. We have 4 periods on "Black" days and 4 different periods on "Gold" days for 80 minutes each. Every Monday and Thursday are Black days and Tuesday and Friday are Gold days. Whenever we have a holiday or scheduled day off during the week, whatever day we missed we have on the Wednesday of that week. Whenever we have a 5 day week, Wednesdays are "White" days. On White days it is a Late Start for students. Buses run at the regular time, but students do not have to report to classes until 9am. This gives teachers an hour and a half to conduct Professional Learning Communities, Advisor meetings, or Department meetings. After the late start we have all 8 periods for 30 minutes each. This Wednesday was our first White day and it was a Department meeting. This is a great opportunity for our Social Studies Department to meet and discuss things related to the budget, curriculum, Professional Development and more. Our Department has 4 full time teachers and one person who teaches 2 Social Studies Classes and is a Dean of Students for grades 9-10 for the rest of the job.

Wednesday was also the 12th anniversary of the terrorist attacks of 9/11. I think I had a similar experience last year, but the current Juniors and Seniors roughly are the last group of students who have any type of memory of having lived through it. That seems really bizarre to me, but very few students had much of a memory of 9/11/01. This means this tragic event will literally be history to all my future students... just like the JFK assassination, the attacks on Pearl Harbor, and other tragic days in American history. In all of my classes we discussed how the events of that day still impact us. To help with this we viewed 3 short videos. Each video was produced by Story Corps. Their mission is to archive one story for every person who was killed on 9/11. The three videos we watched were John and Joe, She Was the One, and Always a Family. This is always tough for me each year. I related to the students that on 9/11/01 I was not in school. I was at a Doctor's appointment with my wife. She was pregnant with our son and the appointment was the first time we got to see an image of him. I still remember the horrific images in the waiting room and how we were glued to the TV the rest of the day. I also remember how I felt utterly helpless and incompetent going to school the next day knowing all of the students would have questions and I would have no answers.

During the week in my classes we explored Democratic Ideals and examples of those ideals. We also began looking at the causes of the American Revolution. In History v. Hollywood we finished watching the film Glory and in Ethics we discussed the theory that all humans share the same values and the implication of this for Ethics. 

Content, Instruction, and Technology

After a crazy week it's always nice to have the Labor Day weekend to recover!

In my AP class I struggle to give adequate time for debriefing the summer work, going over the syllabus and logistical information about the course and moving us forward to keep up the pace so that we are finished in time for the exam on May 15. It felt like we had only a brief discussion about the highlights of the summer reading, but I was able to process with them how the AP US History exam is graded on a curve and that they will be competing with the "smartest" kids in America (which maybe they are the smartest themselves!) for those scores on the Exam. More kids take the exam for US History than any other subject because all students must take a US History class to graduate. This puts a little stress on them as you can imagine. Having said that, I do let them know that at Maranacook our scores in all 5 score ranges are above the State and National average.

Despite all this, I have also pushed them forward and we have begun where they left off from the summer work. This means we started analyzing the colonies socially and politically in the years in and around the French and Indian War.

There was some anxiety this week around the release of iPads for all of our students. The State of Maine negotiated with Apple and other companies to provide a "device" for all students and teachers in grades 7-12. For the last 5 years this has meant MacBooks. However it has also meant my district could not afford this for High School Students so our students have had to use a netbook running with Linux and having lots of issues. All of that goes away as all teachers in my district 6-12 have MacBook Airs and iPad Minis, meanwhile all students in grades 6-12 have iPads all provided by the State (each District shares some of the costs). This program is known as the Maine Learning Technology Initiative.

The iPads were rolled out Friday morning and the plan was to have students power them on and personalize their unique Apple ID. That worked for some, but most had trouble getting on to the network all at the same time. This year will present quite a learning curve with this technology but i am very excited by the possibilities and capabilities! We were in a training at a Staff meeting and I witnessed some Staff who were clearly overwhelmed. I fear for them as they seem to struggle to understand the technology that to me seems so easy I was thinking about other things during the training. I'm not sure how things will be for them going forward. I am excited to use iTunes U Course Manager, iBooks Author, and iMovie. In fact, I received a grant for a High Quality HD Video Camera for my students to use to create movies and edit them in iMovie on their iPads! I hope to post more about these projects on my Blog later!

 

(This is the Camera I received with my grant)

This week I also started to make plans to finish my work for our school's Accreditation visit in March so that we can re re-accredited through NEASC. I started thinking this week about Literacy strategies as well. I am working with 2 other teachers here in Maine to deliver 2 Webinars on Literacy strategies in Social Studies later this year through a State run Professional Development program known as the Cross- Discipline Literacy Network. This program is offered to all Maine teachers for a small fee and includes face to face meetings at locations around the State and 2 online Webinars focusing on different strategies and they get to pick which ones they want to try. I am on the Board for the Maine Council for the Social Studies, and next week we have our first meeting of the new school year. Right now we are planning the annual conference for educators in Augusta in November. This year's Conference will be at the Civic Center and the theme is "Content, Instruction, and Technology: Standards-Based Approaches for 21st Century Learners". 

I am most excited about our Keynote speaker for this conference. Jared Peatman is a Professor from Virginia who will be talking about the Gettysburg Address (this year is the 150th anniversary of the address) and ways to use it in the classroom to address Common Core Standards. This is just the tip of the iceberg as there will be more presentations and more vendors then I think we have ever had for a MCSS Conference. November 8 should be a great day!

(Me, a tourist, and Lincoln at Gettysburg)

Chaos to Start

When you're a 9th grade Advisor the first 2 teacher days are chaos! There is just not enough time in each day to do the trainings, participate in the introductory trainings, and prepare for 9th grade orientation. However, we did our best and put a certain amount of faith into "it will all work out" thinking and it did! I really hope next year when I have the whole day Wednesday to prep and I remember how hard it was this year!

(Artist's depiction of chaos)

One thing we did on Tuesday was to engage in a training on Marzano's Teaching Standards. We focused on breaking the lesson into segments and discussing what activities fit into which segments in an effort to help us understand how to design lessons in this manner. My partner for this was English Teacher Paula Weisberger who ask me, "Will I make it into your Blog now?". The answer is yes Paula!

We also had a great activity on Tuesday that promoted Staff bonding. This was called "Come to the Mountain" with the idea being that each Staff member had to say something they did this summer and everyone else who had the same experience was to also stand up. I learned some things about a few Staff members who I have worked with for a few years now and am embarrassed to say I know very little about them! We have a new Principal and I very much appreciate his efforts in this manner and I think others do as well.

The first 2 days of class were tiring and filled with little issues that need to be resolved! After almost 4 years I forget that Freshmen need to be told their schedule and where all their classes are every day for a while. Every year Study Halls go through some bumps and this year is no different.

But it was nice to be back in the classroom engaged in the part I love the best! My AP students had a test on the first day over the Summer work (it's an AP class after all!). In U.S. History we did an activity to get to know each other and began discussing the myths and facts of Columbus. To do this we used a great cartoon made in the 60's that purported to be "educational". We had a wonderful discussion about whether or not humans are becoming more or less ethical and the significance of that in my Ethics class. It was great to watch various film clips and discuss film making techniques designed to convey meaning to the audience in History vs. Hollywood. Tomorrow the online class I teach through Virtual High School begins so I will get to monitor that.

This week I look forward to putting Columbus on trial, analyzing the French and Indian War, Reviewing early films and the Civil War to prep for our first Historical Film Analysis, and discussing where Ethics come from and theories about Ethical Relativism. I also anticipate some brief discussions about the U.S. response to what is happening in Syria. It should be a great week!

For teaching specifically this week:

* Document Analysis with APPARTS
* Myths and Facts about Columbus and the debate over his place in history as hero or villain
   (Sources I use for Columbus: PSA Commercial about Columbus Day, Howard Zinn Article,   
   Warren  Carroll Article, Various Columbus cartoons on YouTube, and Rethinking Columbus)
* Institute for Global Ethics Curriculum for Schools
* Various film clips on YouTube that show film making techniques
* Internet Movie Database

Back to School!

Tomorrow is the first day for Staff and it is our annual Advisor training day for Middle School and High School Advisors. It is a day filled with outside activities that we can apply directly or indirectly to our Advisee Groups. We will spend the day at Camp Androscoggin in Wayne learning about Adventure Activities. We also have planning time with our fellow Advisors. I am back to being a 9th grade Advisor this year which carries with it a whole different set of challenges from what I had last year as a Senior Advisor. We will spend some time planning for the 9th grade orientation day on Wednesday.

Camp Andorscoggin

Tuesday is a workshop day. In the morning we will have a few District wide training on Teaching Standards and Wellness. In the afternoon we have a High School Staff meeting to discuss the changes underway and new initiatives we are undertaking.

Wednesday is the first day for 9th and 12th graders only. We as 9th grade Advisors spend the day in various activities to help our Advisees get to know each other and the school with help from the Seniors.

Thursday is the first day of regulars classes for all students in grades 9-12. I will have my AP US History class and and Honors US History class. I also have my period where I can check on the online class I teach through Virtual High School, US Foreign Policy 1945- present. My AP class has a test over the summer work and then we will be reviewing the cultures in North America that existed before Columbus, early Spanish and English settlements, and the rise of colonies on the Eastern Seaboard. In my Honors class will start exploring the myths of Columbus and do a role replay where Columbus will be out on trial. The book Rethinking Columbus is a big help for this!

 The irony of this image of Columbus is that it was painted over 100 years after he died! No accurate image of Columbus exists!

Friday will be the remaining classes, and I have a study hall that day as well as History vs. Hollywood and Ethics. In History v. Hollywood we will be looking at some early films like the famous A Trip to the Moon by Georges Melies and The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari by Robert Weine (I love both of these films!!). We will also explore film making techniques before watching our first two feature films, Glory and then Lincoln. We will be analyzing how each film depicts the Civil War era and related issues. In Ethics we will start by discussing some basic ethical thought exercises that philosophers till argue about. I will ask them if it is morally wrong to eat their cat. Unless they are a vegetarian, they will struggle to explain why they think it is morally wrong. This will begin our discussion of Ethics using the curriculum from the Institute for Global Ethics.

I really love my job and the intellectual stimulation it provides! After a relaxing and fun summer, I also crave the return to routine and order. This is my 33rd first day of school and I always love it! I get excited every year and I like the cyclical nature of it. Each year gives you a chance to sort of start over and reinvent yourself a bit. You also have the same pattern and rhythm repeated from the previous year. The one downside is the transition... The first two weeks I end each day with a splitting headache and am asleep by 7:30. After that, it's all good!

Summer PD

Each Summer I like to do at least one thing to improve my knowledge and/or teaching. Some Summers I do more than one thing. This year I attended a National Endowment for the Humanities Landmarks of American History Workshop on the Underground Railroad and Whaling in New Bedford, MA. This was called Sailing to Freedom. In the past I attended workshops entitled The War of 1812 in the Great Lakes Region in Toledo, OH and one on the Textile Industry in Lowell, MA.


Each one is a week long and provides great professional development and site visit opportunities.

So this year myself and fellow Maranacook Social Studies Teacher Mike Streeter participated in Sailing to Freedom. This took place in New Bedford which hasn't always had the best reputation. I must say I came away with a positive view of the city after this experience.

One of the first things I learned, or maybe remembered is that the famous 54th Massachusetts all-black regiment was organized in the city and they have a park named in their honor!

The focus of the workshop was to change our paradigm about the Underground Railroad. New research indicates that many slaves ran away to freedom via the Sea. In many cases they were stowaways or sometimes ship Captains wanted to help them. New Bedford was a major port and so it's no surprise that many ended up there. The next big revelation was that many of them joined whaling voyages. Since whaling voyages were 2-4 years in length it provided a great opportunity to escape slave catchers.

The advertisement above is from a New Bedford newspaper in the early 1800's and is quite typical. It shows how ship Captains attempted to absolve themselves of any legal responsibility for harboring fugitive slaves.

This is me on a replica of a whaling ship that was common in the early 1800's.

These are original harpoons used by whaling ships. New Bedford is home to a Whaling Museum and the National Whaling Historic Park.

My colleague Mike Streeter poses with a replica of a whale outside the Whaling Museum.

The workshop organizers from UMASS Dartmouth, Timothy Walker and Lee Blake, brought in speakers on both the topics of the Underground Railroad and the Whaling industry. Here is John Stauffer Professor of History at Harvard University and author of a tremendous book I just read called Giants about Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lincoln. His lecture was a dynamic and inspiring insight into Frederick Douglass.

Part of the workshop also included the arts. Above is retired professor Everitt Hoagland. He gave a dramatic reading from famous Black fugitive slaves and also read an original poem he had written about each one. This was accompanied by a Spiritual sung by Candida Rose. It was truly amazing! We also had the chance to hear songs from the Underground Railroad performed in person by the famous duo of Kim and Reggie Harris. They were also amazing!

Each participant in the workshop received this bag above filled with 6 different books related to whaling and the Underground Railroad. Its always nice to receive free resources like this!

We spent some time during the workshop learning about a couple of different ways to bring this material into the classroom. One thign we did was to use a children's book (in this case the book Henry's Freedom Box ) and compose a poem from the point of view of a character in the book. I chose Henry for my poem you see above.

One part of the workshop was a one day trip into Boston. Duirng this trip we visited the USS Constitution affectionately known as "Old Ironsides". Though this is not a whaling ship, it is a floating and maintained vessel from the same era.

"Old Ironsides" is the oldest commissioned floating vessel in the world, and the nearby USS Constitution museum is amazing.

My colleague Mike Streeter is inspecting one of the guns onboard the ship in this photo.

While in Boston we also took a tour of the Black Heritage Trail that starts with this monument in Boston Common to the 54th Massachusetts regiment. The famous all-Black regiment that fought in the Civil War.

We also visited the African American History Museum and the nearby African American Meeting House. At the lecturn where I am standing, Frederick Douglass gave a famous speech in 1860.

During the week we spent a good deal of time learning about how New Bedford supported runaway slaves. They are proud to say they never had a slave catcher remove someone from New Bedford. Above is a plaque in town that honors Frederick Douglass.

The reputation of New Bedford as a place that is racially diverse and tolerant continues to this day. We had a chance to meet Jibreel Kazan who lives in New Bedford. Mr. Kazan was formerly known as Ezell Blair Jr. When Mr. Kazan was young, he and 3 others organized the first lunch counter sitins to boycott Segregation laws in Greensboro, NC at the local Woolworth's. He went on to work closely with Martin Luther King Jr. and Congressman John Lewis. He and I are enjoying a fascinating conversation in the photo above.
 

Though not directly related to our topic of study, New Bedford is also famous for its connection to the story of Moby Dick and author Herman Melville who spent time in New Bedford. Although Melville says little to nothing in his book about people of color, the book was considered a classic for a long time and romanticized the whaling industry for many people.

One of the best things, if not THE best thing, about doing these NEH Workshops is the opportunity to make new friends from across the country. Its great to have 40 Social Studies teachers together for a week not only to process what we are learning but to share ideas about best practices and what things are like elsewhere. Thanks to modern technology we can remain in touch after the workshop! Pictured above behind me are some of new friends Russ Bruxvoort of Fort Collins, CO and Amanda Wilson of Spanish Fort, AL.

Mike Streeter and I designed a Unit plan we plan to use in our classrooms as part of this workshop. Our high School students will use the book Unspoken as a guide and will compose a sequel to the book that tells the story of the escape on the Underground Railroad by sea. It was a great experience!!